Expertise in Trial Advocacy: Some Considerations for Inquiry into Its Nature and Development

It is the central thesis of this paper that what is needed to assess the validity of many of the criticisms directed toward legal practice and training, and to resolve many of the controversies surrounding attempts to correct these criticisms, is a representation or documentation of the structure of expertise in legal practice - especially in trial advocacy since this represents the focus of most complaints. Without such a representation it is difficult to support allegations of incompetence or to defend the efficiency of specific reform on other than subjective or intuitive grounds. At this time no systematic representation exists

Perceptions of the neighbourhood environment and self rated health: a multilevel analysis of the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Study

Background In this study we examined whether (1) the neighbourhood aspects of access to amenities, neighbourhood quality, neighbourhood disorder, and neighbourhood social cohesion are associated with people's self rated health, (2) these health effects reflect differences in socio-demographic composition and/or neighbourhood deprivation, and (3) the associations with the different aspects of the neighbourhood environment vary between men and women. Methods Data from the cross-sectional Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Survey were analysed using multilevel modelling, with individuals nested within enumeration districts. In this study we used the responses of people under 75 years of age (n = 10,892). The response rate of this subgroup was 62.3%. All individual responses were geo-referenced to the 325 census enumeration districts of Caerphilly county borough. Results The neighbourhood attributes of poor access to amenities, poor neighbourhood quality, neighbourhood disorder, lack of social cohesion, and neighbourhood deprivation were associated with the reporting of poor health. These effects were attenuated when controlling for individual and collective socio-economic status. Lack of social cohesion significantly increased the odds of women reporting poor health, but did not increase the odds of men reporting poor health. In contrast, unemployment significantly affected men's health, but not women's health. Conclusion This study shows that different aspects of the neighbourhood environment are associated with people's self rated health, which may partly reflect the health impacts of neighbourhood socio-economic status. The findings further suggest that the social environment is more important for women's health, but that individual socio-economic status is more important for men's health

Expertise in Trial Advocacy: Some Considerations for Inquiry into Its Nature and Development

It is the central thesis of this paper that what is needed to assess the validity of many of the criticisms directed toward legal practice and training, and to resolve many of the controversies surrounding attempts to correct these criticisms, is a representation or documentation of the structure of expertise in legal practice - especially in trial advocacy since this represents the focus of most complaints. Without such a representation it is difficult to support allegations of incompetence or to defend the efficiency of specific reform on other than subjective or intuitive grounds. At this time no systematic representation exists